@article{JEFC, author = {Ankit Baheti and Lokesh Kumar and Arvind Bansal}, title = { Excipients used in lyophilization of small molecules}, journal = {Journal of Excipients and Food Chemicals}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, keywords = {Lyophilization; excipients; bulking agents; small molecule; primary drying}, abstract = {This review deals with the excipients used in various lyophilized formulations of small molecules. Role of excipients like bulking agent, buffering agent, tonicity modifier, antimicrobial agents, surfactants and co-solvents has been discussed. Also, a decision making process for their incorporation into the formulation matrix has been proposed. A list of ingredients used in lyophilized formulations marketed in USA has been created based on survey of physician desk reference (PDR) and the handbook on injectable drugs. Information on the recommended quantities of various excipients has been provided, based on the details given in the Inactive Ingredient Guide (IIG).}, issn = {21502668}, pages = {41--54}, url = {https://ojs.abo.fi/ojs/index.php/jefc/article/view/21} }